Each of these public educational systems is responsible for its own maintenance, which manages funds as well as the mechanisms and funding sources. Bolivia and Paraguay have been given free ports at Santos. The Mata Atlntica (Atlantic Forest) is Brazils other tropical forest. [188] The threat of extinction comes from several sources, including deforestation and poaching. MIAMI (AP) The Biden administration is under growing pressure from leftists in Latin America as well as U.S. lawmakers to expel Jair Bolsonaro from a post-presidential retreat in Florida following his supporters brazen attack on Brazils capital over the weekend. Attending an institution of higher education is required by Law of Guidelines and Bases of Education. [387][388] According to the 2010 Demographic Census (the PNAD survey does not inquire about religion), 64.63% of the population followed Roman Catholicism; 22.2% Protestantism; 2.0% Kardecist spiritism; 3.2% other religions, undeclared or undetermined; while 8.0% had no religion. Among the most popular destinations are the Amazon Rainforest, beaches and dunes in the Northeast Region, the Pantanal in the Center-West Region, beaches at Rio de Janeiro and Santa Catarina, cultural tourism in Minas Gerais and business trips to So Paulo. WebBrazil (Portuguese: Brasil; Brazilian Portuguese: ()), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: Repblica Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in South America and in Latin America.At 8.5 million square kilometers (3,300,000 sq mi) and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. [citation needed] In 2017, the Supreme Court requested the investigation of 71 Brazilian lawmakers and nine ministers of President Michel Temer's cabinet who were allegedly linked to the Petrobras corruption scandal. [260] It has the largest national economy in Latin America, the tenth-largest economy in the world by nominal GDP, and the ninth-largest by PPP. Brazil defends life from its conception and strengthens family ties. Facts about Brazils history. [192] The rich wildlife of Brazil reflects the variety of natural habitats. [394] After Protestantism, individuals professing no religion are also a significant group, exceeding 8% of the population as of the 2010 census. [14], Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world, and third largest in the Americas, with a total area of 8,515,767.049km2 (3,287,956sqmi),[173] including 55,455km2 (21,411sqmi) of water. [401][402], Despite all the progress made since the creation of the universal health care system in 1988, there are still several public health problems in Brazil. in the 17th and 18th centuries the first dramatists who appeared on the scene of European derivation was for court or private performances. They built Portuguese colonial architecture which included churches, civic architecture including houses and forts in Brazilian cities and the countryside. [489], Brazilian painting emerged in the late 16th century,[491] influenced by Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, Modernism, Expressionism, Surrealism, Cubism and Abstracionism making it a major art style called Brazilian academic art. [178] Brazil's 187778 Grande Seca (Great Drought), the worst in Brazil's history,[182] caused approximately half a million deaths. VIDEO: Brazil's unsung 'capital of happiness' (Credit: Kate Schoenbach) It is impossible to describe Bahian ax without first considering the region's layered and tumultuous history. [468], The national beverage is coffee and cachaa is Brazil's native liquor. In 1809, in retaliation for being forced into exile, the Prince Regent ordered the Portuguese conquest of French Guiana. Key Facts. Levine, Robert M. "The history of Brazil" Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. 1999, p. 62, Triner, Gail D. "Banking and Economic Development: Brazil, 18891930" Palgrave 2000, pp. The service sector was responsible for 60% of GDP and trade for 13%. [11][12] It is one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations, due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world,[13] and the most populous Roman Catholic-majority country. Of the 36 deep-water ports, Santos, Itaja, Rio Grande, Paranagu, Rio de Janeiro, Sepetiba, Vitria, Suape, Manaus and So Francisco do Sul are the most important. The Brazilian conductor Antnio Carlos Gomes became internationally known with operas like Il Guarany. Its capital is Braslia, and its most populous city is So Paulo. [71], Portuguese expeditions known as Bandeiras gradually expanded Brazil's original colonial frontiers in South America to its approximately current borders. Amorim, who was Brazils foreign minister during Lulas 2003-2010 administration, said he hoped the uprising had been nipped in the bud. The first census in Brazil was carried out in 1872 and recorded a population of 9,930,478. [14] According to the Kppen system, Brazil hosts six major climatic subtypes: desert, equatorial, tropical, semiarid, oceanic and subtropical. [14] It borders all other countries and territories in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers roughly half of the continent's land area. [31] However, the country retains noticeable corruption, crime and social inequality. [389] This confluence of faiths during the Portuguese colonization of Brazil led to the development of a diverse array of syncretistic practices within the overarching umbrella of Brazilian Catholic Church, characterized by traditional Portuguese festivities,[390], Religious pluralism increased during the 20th century,[391] and the Protestant community has grown to include over 22% of the population. A developing country, Brazil has a labor force of roughly 100 million,[261] which is the world's fifth-largest; with a high unemployment rate of 14.4% as of 2021[update]. [250], In Brazil, the Constitution establishes six different police agencies for law enforcement: Federal Police Department, Federal Highway Police, Federal Railroad Police, Federal, District and State Penal Police (included by the Constitutional Amendment No. The Atlantic slave trade was abandoned in 1850,[94] as a result of the British Aberdeen Act, but only in May 1888, after a long process of internal mobilization and debate for an ethical and legal dismantling of slavery in the country, was the institution formally abolished with the approval of the Golden Law. [249] Brazil does not just use its growing economic strength to provide financial aid, but it also provides high levels of expertise and most importantly of all, a quiet non-confrontational diplomacy to improve governance levels. [442], The music of Brazil was formed mainly from the fusion of European, Native Indigenous, and African elements. 3. From the 1960s it was attended by a theater dedicated to social and religious issues and to the flourishing of schools of dramatic art. The culture was, however, also strongly influenced by African, indigenous and non-Portuguese European cultures and traditions. Before the discovery of Brazil by the Portuguese, South American Indians had been living in the region for thousands of years. [134][135], Several brief interim governments followed Vargas's suicide. While in So Paulo the homicide rate registered in 2013 was 10.8 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, in Alagoas it was 64.7 homicides per 100,000 inhabitants. Brazil faces The pro-Bolsonaro encampments outside army barracks were cleared, and a new round of protests on January 11 never materialized. Judges and other judicial officials are appointed after passing entry exams.[207]. In 2017, Brazil`s GDP grew 1%, inflation fell to historic lows of 2.9%, and the Central Bank lowered benchmark interest rates from 13.75% in 2016 to 7%. Cascudo, Luis da Cmara. [207][208][209], For most of its democratic history, Brazil has had a multi-party system, with proportional representation. Brazil became self-sufficient in oil in 20062007. [506], Brazil has hosted several high-profile international sporting events, like the 1950 FIFA World Cup[507] and recently has hosted the 2014 FIFA World Cup, 2019 Copa Amrica and 2021 Copa Amrica . [512], Lat. The country has about 212 million people. [446] Capoeira is usually played with its own music referred to as capoeira music, which is usually considered to be a call-and-response type of folk music. Its origins are in 19th-century Rio de Janeiro. See the State Departments travel website for the Worldwide Caution and Travel Advisories. [409], The University of So Paulo is the second best university in Latin America, according to recent 2019 QS World University Rankings. [292][293] Micro and small businesses represent 30% of the country's GDP. [34] Throughout the 16th century, massive amounts of brazilwood were harvested by indigenous peoples (mostly Tupi) along the Brazilian coast, who sold the timber to European traders (mostly Portuguese, but also French) in return for assorted European consumer goods. [265] Brazil's economy suffers from endemic corruption and high income inequality. Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world in terms of population (208.8 million in 2018) and well as land area. Some early sailors called it the "Land of Parrots. Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}10S 52W / 10S 52W / -10; -52. [509] So Paulo organized the IV Pan American Games in 1963, and Rio de Janeiro hosted the XV Pan American Games in 2007. In auto racing, three Brazilian drivers have won the Formula One world championship eight times. [470] Often, it is mixed with cassava flour (farofa). Amorim, who was Brazils foreign minister during Lulas 2003-2010 administration, said he hoped the uprising had been nipped in the bud. About five million people from over 60 countries migrated to Brazil between 1808 and 1972, most of them of Portuguese, Italian, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Polish, Jewish, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, and Arab origin. Brazil's current constitution, formulated in 1988, defines it as a democratic federal republic. Brazil, officially Federative Republic of Brazil, Portuguese Repblica Federativa do Brasil, country of South America that occupies half the continents landmass. These emerged from the dissatisfaction of the provinces with the central power, coupled with old and latent social tensions peculiar to a vast, slaveholding and newly independent nation state. It shares a border with every South American country except Ecuador and Chile. [84] A month later, Prince Pedro was declared the first Emperor of Brazil, with the royal title of Dom PedroI, resulting in the founding of the Empire of Brazil. [14] This unique environmental heritage positions Brazil at number one of 17 megadiverse countries, and is the subject of significant global interest, as environmental degradation through processes like deforestation has direct impacts on global issues like climate change and biodiversity loss. The Brazilian film industry began in the late 19th century, during the early days of the Belle poque. [251], The country still has above-average levels of violent crime and particularly high levels of gun violence and homicide. [190], Brazil's large territory comprises different ecosystems, such as the Amazon rainforest, recognized as having the greatest biological diversity in the world,[191] with the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado, sustaining the greatest biodiversity. [167], In the fiercely disputed 2018 elections, the controversial conservative candidate Jair Bolsonaro of the Social Liberal Party (PSL) was elected president, winning in the second round Fernando Haddad, of the Workers Party (PT), with the support of 55.13% of the valid votes. [213] States have their own constitutions, which must not contradict the Federal Constitution. The statue now holds its place in history as one of the modern Seven Wonders of the World. Of the top 20 Latin American universities, eight are Brazilian. At 8.5million square kilometers (3,300,000sqmi)[10] and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. The constitution reserves 25% of the state budget and 18% of federal taxes and municipal taxes for education. Do not travel to: Any areas within 150 km/100 miles of Brazils land borders with Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Paraguay due to crime. [354] [422] Italian is also recognized as ethnic language in the Santa Teresa microregion and Vila Velha (Espirito Santo state), and is taught as mandatory second language at school. Before the discovery of Brazil by the Portuguese, South American Indians had been living in the region for thousands of years. Although defined by law, Brazilian regions are useful mainly for statistical purposes, and also to define the distribution of federal funds in development projects. The Brazilian landscape is very varied. [395] Greater Rio de Janeiro, not including the city proper, is the most irreligious and least Roman Catholic Brazilian periphery, while Greater Porto Alegre and Greater Fortaleza are on the opposite sides of the lists, respectively. It forms an enormous triangle on the eastern side of the continent with a 4,500-mile (7,400-kilometer) coastline along the Atlantic Ocean. Brazil faces [177] In the interior northeast, seasonal rainfall is even more extreme. It is the fifth largest country in the world, exceeded in size only by Russia, Canada, China, and the United States, though its area is greater than that of the 48 conterminous U.S. states. The Tup people were subdivided into the Tupiniquins and Tupinambs, and there were also many subdivisions of the other groups. This has created a national cuisine marked by the preservation of regional differences. [16] The country has more than 40 active political parties. A major non-NATO ally of the United States, Brazil is a regional and middle power,[18][19][20] and is also classified as an emerging power. In the 1940s the annual population growth rate was 2.4%, rising to 3.0% in the 1950s and remaining at 2.9% in the 1960s, as life expectancy rose from 44 to 54 years[353] and to 72.6 years in 2007. Then in the 20th century especially in Brasilia, Brazil experimented with Modernist architecture. After rapid growth in preceding decades, the country entered an ongoing recession in 2014 amid a political corruption scandal and nationwide protests. [235] As of 2022[update], it is the only navy in Latin America that operates an aircraft carrier, NAM Atlntico, and one of twelve navies in the world to operate or have one under construction. [424] [288][289][290] Although, it was among the five largest world producers in 2013, Brazil's textile industry is very little integrated into world trade. [332], As for oil, the Brazilian government has embarked on a program over the decades to reduce dependence on imported oil, which previously accounted for more than 70% of the country's oil needs. Brazil as a whole is significantly more polarized and much of the Amazon region is led by governors and mayors who align themselves with Bolsonaro. Brazil has the world's largest Catholic population. [220] The country was considered the 9th largest military power on the planet in 2021. While there were national film productions during the early 20th century, American films such as Rio the Magnificent were made in Rio de Janeiro to promote tourism in the city. Always in this period the comedy of costume and comic production was imposed. [342] The So Paulo Metro was the first underground transit system in Brazil. [16] The executive and legislative are organized independently in all three spheres of government, while the judiciary is organized only at the federal and state and Federal District spheres. [95], The foreign-affairs policies of the monarchy dealt with issues with the countries of the Southern Cone with whom Brazil had borders. It has borders with every South American country except Chile and Ecuador. [440] In the 19th century during the time of the Empire of Brazil, the country followed European trends and adopted Neoclassical and Gothic Revival architecture. The Mata Atlntica (Atlantic Forest) is Brazils other tropical forest. Brazil is the only Portuguese-speaking nation in the Americas, making the language an important part of Brazilian national identity and giving it a national culture distinct from those of its Spanish-speaking neighbors. [253] In 2018, Brazil had a record 63,880 murders. This system has been criticized over the last few decades for the slow pace of decision-making. In the World", "Especial NOTCIAS Uma nova agenda militar", "People's Daily Online Bolivia bans Argentina from reselling gas to Chile", "Especial NOTCIAS Os ps de barro de um gigante", "Brazil Is Leading a Largely South American Mission to Haiti", Article 4 of the Federal Constitution of Brazil, Article 84 of the Federal Constitution of Brazil, Brazil's development cooperation with the South: a global model in waiting, "Ordem pblica prioridade da Fora Nacional de Segurana", "Brasil tem maior nmero absoluto de homicdios do mundo", "A Year of Violence Sees Brazil's Murder Rate Hit Record High", "Os estados com mais homicdios no Brasil", "Brasil passa a Rssia e tem a terceira maior populao carcerria do mundo", "Brasil tem hoje deficit de 200 mil vagas no sistema prisional", "Brasil ser maior exportador agrcola mundial em 2024", "Embraer v clientes mais dispostos compra de avies", "Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) Brazil", "Poverty headcount ratio at $2.15 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) Brazil", "Poverty headcount ratio at $6.85 a day (2017 PPP) (% of population) Brazil", "Brazil: Overview of corruption and anti-corruption", "How are agricultural co-operatives making a difference in Brazil? Portuguese colonial architecture was the first wave of architecture to go to Brazil. Agriculture occupied only 8% of the national territory and pastures 19.7%. [493], Upon the creation of the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts, new artistic movements spread across the country during the 19th century and later the event called Modern Art Week definitely broke with academic tradition in 1922 and started a nationalist trend which was influenced by modernist arts. Brazil (Portuguese: Brasil; Brazilian Portuguese:[baziw] (listen)),[nt 1] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: Repblica Federativa do Brasil),[9] is the largest country in South America and in Latin America. [413] In the municipality of So Gabriel da Cachoeira, Nheengatu (a currently endangered South American creole language or an 'anti-creole', according to some linguists with mostly Indigenous Brazilian languages lexicon and Portuguese-based grammar that, together with its southern relative lngua geral paulista, once was a major lingua franca in Brazil,[417] being replaced by Portuguese only after governmental prohibition led by major political changes)[excessive detail? [175], The southeastern section is more rugged, with a complex mass of ridges and mountain ranges reaching elevations of up to 1,200 meters (3,900ft). [100] A few days later, the national flag was replaced with a new design that included the national motto "Ordem e Progresso", influenced by positivism. Freyre, Gilberto. [481], Radio broadcasting began on 7 September 1922, with a speech by then President Pessoa, and was formalized on 20 April 1923 with the creation of "Radio Society of Rio de Janeiro".[482]. It is the economic leader of South America, with the ninth-largest economy in the world, and a large iron and aluminum ore reserve. Uma Sociologia do Doce, com Receitas de Bolos e Doces do Nordeste do Brasil. Two-way trade in goods and services was $98.4 billion ($78 billion in goods and $20.4 billion in services) in 2021, a significant recovery compared to $77.3 billion registered during the pandemic in 2020. It has been steadily falling since the 1960s, from 3.04% per year between 1950 and 1960 to 1.05% in 2008 and is expected to fall to a negative value of0.29% by 2050[355] thus completing the demographic transition. Of these, the first three are affiliated with federal authorities, the last two are subordinate to state governments and the Penal Police can be subordinated to the federal or state/district government. [175] The northwestern parts of the plateau consist of broad, rolling terrain broken by low, rounded hills. Brazil. 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